氩氦冷冻消融在肺癌多学科综合治疗中的研究进展

肺癌是世界上发病率最高的恶性肿瘤之一,外科手术为首选治疗方式。近年来许多新兴微创技术治疗肺癌取得了良好效果。氩氦冷冻消融术因具有损伤小、恢复快、安全性高、并发症少等优点,已取得医患双方认可。冷冻消融适用于不能手术切除的早期肺癌及减少晚期肺癌负荷。肿瘤是一种全身性疾病,因此冷冻消融联合其他治疗方法将是未来肺癌治疗发展方向,从而改善患者临床症状,提高生活质量,延长生存时间,达到最佳治疗效果。该文就冷冻消融治疗及与其他方法综合治疗肺癌研究现状和进展作一综述。     

体医融合专门人才培养现状与优化路径

目前我国的体医融合已探索出以医院为平台的医院健康指导中心模式、以健身场所为平台的体育俱乐部健康指导模式、以社区为平台的健康监测中心模式和以体医融合健康产业为平台的产学研合作模式等4种运行模式。但总体来说我国体医融合尚处于起步阶段，优化体医融合专门人才培养模式成为体医深度融合发展的关键。研究表明，我国体医融合人才现行培养模式主要以在职培训为主，存在专门人才缺失严重、认证体系有待完善和人才培养模式单一等现实困境。同时提出加强顶层设计夯实体医融合人才培养体系，精心布局优化体医融合人才培养课程体系，强化引导完善体医融合舆论宣传体系，标准引领健全体医融合职业标准等优化路径，以期实现体医融合专门人才队伍的科学化和可持续化发展。     

The possible influence of varying diameter of aligned electrospun fibers on Schwann cells maturation in culture

The development of Schwann cells, the principal glial cell in the peripheral nervous system, occurs through a series of transitional embryonic and postnatal phases, which are tightly regulated by a number of axonal signals. During the axon ensheathment and myelin growth, the diameter of the axon play an important role in the maturation of Schwann cells. Because of electrospun fibers similar to protein fibers within the native extracellular matrix, the scaffolds are being developed as neural tissue engineering scaffolds. Until now, the correlation between varying diameter of aligned electrospun fibers and Schwann cells maturation has not been investigated. We hypothesize that the different diameter of aligned electrospun fibers may influence the maturation of Schwann cells and may help improve the outcome of cell-based approaches to cure demyelinated lesions or peripheral nerve regeneration.     

How Challenge Stress Affects Mental Health among College Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Role of Self-Efficacy

While a plethora of studies has been conducted to examine stress and its impact on mental health in western countries, research is scarce investigating the relationship between student challenge stress and health illness in the context of Chinese colleges. No studies examined the moderating effect of self-efficacy on the relationship between challenge stress and health illness. This study attempted to investigate the relationships between these three variables among Chinese college students. Especially, this study focused on examining whether self-efficacy moderated the effect of perceived challenge stress on students’ mental health. Also, the differences were tested between male and female students in terms of these three variables. A sample of 578 Chinese college students was recruited over an approximately 12-week period from 7 Chinese universities. An online survey link was distributed through WeChat. The SPSS version 26 software was used to analyze the data. Results showed that there is no significant difference between genders in terms of perceived challenge stress, self-efficacy, and students’ mental health. In addition, challenge stress was positively related to the students’ mental health (β = 0.35, p < 0.01) while there was a negative association between self-efficacy and mental health (β = −0.41, p < 0.01). Furthermore, self-efficacy plays a moderating role in the relationship between challenge stress and mental health (β = −0.11, p = 0.02). Students with low self-efficacy tend to experience more mental health issues. It is suggested that Chinese colleges and universities pay more attention to students with low self-efficacy, either through faculty/staff interventions or peer counseling. Professors consider reducing students’ academic stress to improve their mental health.     

奶牛场生殖激素使用存在的问题浅析

本文针对当前奶牛场生殖激素使用中存在的问题进行了探讨。对奶牛繁殖生产中氯前列腺素类药物使用不对症的问题进行了分析,提出了正确使用氯前列腺素类药物的方法。对认为同期发情定时输精比自然发情效果好的错误理念加以纠正。阐述了母牛产后早期注射前列腺素没有效果的原因及正确的用药方法,指出了奶牛繁殖生产中生殖激素对症使用的注意事项,对奶牛繁殖效率的提高有重要的指导意义。     

MicroRNA-132通过诱导线粒体氧化应激障碍-铁死亡进程促进动脉粥样硬化

目的 探讨MicroRNA-132（miR-132）在动脉粥样硬化斑块中的表达及生物学意义。方法 收集在本医院行外周血管造瘘手术的动脉粥样硬化患者的斑块样本及周围正常血管样本各30例,分为实验组（n=30）与对照组（n=30）;利用RT-qPCR验证miR-132在30例组织标本中的表达水平;采用脂质体转染技术上调人脐静脉内皮细胞（HUVEC）中miR-132的表达,继而通过流式细胞及激光共聚焦技术分析过表达miR-132的HUVEC内活性氧（ROS）、ROS与线粒体的定位关系、线粒体活性氧超氧化物（mtROS）、线粒体膜电位状态（MMP）以及线粒体膜转换孔通透性（mPTP）的功能变化;通过ELISA检测HUVEC内线粒体氧化还原呼吸链复合体（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ型）活性的状态;通过Western blot检测铁死亡关键蛋白的表达水平。结果 与正常血管样本（对照组）相比,miR-132在动脉粥样硬化斑块的表达水平显著上调（P<0.001）;相比于正常HUVEC,脂质体转染的HUVEC内miR-132表达量显著上升（P<0.001）,细胞内ROS明显增加（P<0.001）,且大部分ROS与线粒体存在共定位关系;同时于正常HUVEC,miR-132过表达的HUVEC细胞内MMP下降（P<0.001）、mtROS升高（P<0.001）、线粒体活性氧mPTP更多开放（P< 0.001）,继而引起线粒体氧化还原呼吸链应激障碍,铁死亡关键蛋白GPX4显著下调（P<0.001）、氧化蛋白NOX4显著增多（P< 0.001）。结论 MiR-132可通过诱导线粒体氧化应激障碍-铁死亡进程促进动脉粥样硬化,有望成为动脉粥样硬化的治疗靶点。     

In-Situ Synthesis,Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of TiB2-Reinforced Fe-Cr-Mn-Al Steel Matrix Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

In-situ synthesis, microstructure, and mechanical properties of four TiB₂-Reinforced Fe-Cr-Mn-Al Steel Matrix Composites have been researched in this work. The microstructure and phases of the prepared specimens have been characterized by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction technique, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The sintered specimens consisted of Fe₂AlCr, CrFeB-type boride, and TiB₂. The mechanical properties, such as hardness and compression strength at room temperature (RT) and at elevated temperatures (600 °C and 800 °C) have been evaluated. The compressive strength and Vickers hardness of the sintered specimens increase with the volume fraction of TiB₂ in the matrix, which are all much higher than those of the ex-situ TiB₂/Fe-15Cr-20Mn-8Al composites and the reported TiB₂/Fe-Cr composites with the same volume fraction of TiB₂. The highest Vickers hardness and compressive strength at room temperature are 1213 ± 35 HV and 3500 ± 20 MPa, respectively. As the testing temperature increases to 600 °C, or even 800 °C, these composites still show relatively high compressive strength. Precipitation strengthening of CrFeB and in-situ synthesis of TiB₂ as well as nanocrystalline microstructure produced by the combination of mechanical alloying (MA) and spark plasma sintering (SPS) can account for the high Vickers hardness and compressive strength.     

Development of a high-throughput and sensitive assay of fusion genes in lung cancer by array-based MALDI-TOFMS

ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene), ROS1 (ros proto-oncogene 1) and RET (ret proto-oncogene) fusions are oncogenic drivers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods like fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are highly sensitive but subjectively analyzed, labor intensive, expensive and unsuitable for multiple fusion gene screening. This study aimed to establish a high-throughput, sensitive and cost-effective screening method (array-based matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, array-based MALDI-TOFMS) for ALK, ROS1 and RET fusion detection. This method was established with three fusion gene positive cell lines (H2228, ALK positive; HCC78, ROS1 positive; LC-2/AD, RET positive) and negative samples. Then, 34 clinical samples were selected and detected by Sanger sequencing, next generation sequencing (NGS) and array-based MALDI-TOFMS. The results were compared and analyzed and Sanger sequencing was considered the standard. 7 cases showed ALK fusions, 1 case showed ROS1 fusions, no case showed RET fusions and 4 cases were both ALK and ROS1 fusions. Results showed that array-based MALDI-TOFMS was 100% concordant with Sanger sequencing and NGS 82.3%. In this study, we reported the utility of array-based MALDI-TOFMS in the assessment of ALK, ROS1 and RET fusions in routine lung biopsies of FFPE and fresh tissue specimens. Besides, this method may also be applied to the diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of illness.

This study established a high-throughput, sensitive and cost-effective method to detect three lung fusion genes of 96 samples at one time.     

Irreversible electroporation for liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis;40%–50% of patients have liver metastases at the time of initial diagnosis and only 15%–20% undergo surgical resection. Irreversible electroporation(IRE) is a new, non-thermal local ablation method for solid tumors, which can induce cell membrane permeabilization,resulting in unrecoverable nanoscale perforation and apoptotic cell death without damaging the structural components of tissues.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 66-year-old female patient with liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer with a pathological diagnosis of poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 was elevated to 420.3 U/m L.Computed tomography showed a pancreas mass of 2.7 cm × 2.5 cm and single liver metastasis of 1.4 cm × 1.1 cm in the S6 area. The patient underwent IRE and arterial infusion chemotherapy and received tegafur. The therapeutic effect of the combination treatment has been evaluated as complete response. To date, the patient has survived for > 12 mo and is receiving tegafur as maintenance therapy(at the time this case report was written).CONCLUSION IRE plus arterial infusion chemotherapy and tegafur may be synergistic,providing a reference for treating liver metastasis from pancreatic cancer.